Japan presents a mixed picture — frameworks exist but enforcement is inconsistent, and recent political developments create uncertainty. Research current conditions before you travel.

Japan has solid protections on this dimension, comparable to most Western European countries. Some gaps exist but the overall picture is positive.

Japan presents a mixed picture — frameworks exist but enforcement is inconsistent, and recent political developments create uncertainty. Research current conditions before you travel. Abortion is legal on broad grounds up to 22 weeks, but usually requires spousal consent.

Japan has solid protections on this dimension, comparable to most Western European countries. Some gaps exist but the overall picture is positive.

Not every country is measured on every value. Where the public data doesn't exist, we'd rather tell you than fill the gap with a guess — and Japan is one of those cases.

The figure on our other country pages comes from the US Department of Labor's yearly review of what governments are doing about the worst forms of child labour, and that review covers the 131 countries which hold trade preferences with the United States. Japan is not one of them, so it is never assessed. Household surveys do measure child labour in some countries outside that system, but they are run in different years with different questions, so a number taken from one of them would not mean the same thing as the tiered assessment used elsewhere on this site. We would rather show nothing than a number that isn't comparable.